Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif (Materi dan Artikel)

Passive voice adalah kalimat pasif yang subjectnya dikenai pekerjaan atau kata kerjanya berawalan “di/ter”. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, tidak ada perubahan dalam merubah kalimat aktif (active) menjadi kalimat pasif (passive voice).

Sedangkan dalam kalimat aktif sesuatu yang melakukan tindakan adalah subjek kalimat dan sesuatu yang menerima tindakan adalah objek.

Cara membuat kalimat passive voice:

1.      Kata kerja dalam kalimat aktifnya harus berupa transitive verb (membutuhkan object).

2.      Object kalimat aktif menjadi subject kalimat pasif (dibalik).

3.      Subject kalimat aktif menjadi by object dalam kalimat pasif.

4.       Menggunakan pola dasar Auxiliary/tobe + Verb 3

·         Kalimat pasif selalu menggunakan V-3

·         Sebelum V-3 harus diberi to be

·         Apabila berbentuk pertanyaan maka subject diletakkan setelah to be yang pertama

Pola Kalimat / Rumus Passive Voice

1. Simple Present Tense

Simple Present tense

S + tobe (is, am, are) + V-3

Contoh:
Aktif : My mother always cleans the floor every morning.

Pasif : The floor is always cleaned by my mother every morning.

auxiliary/tobenya menyesuaikan dengan subject dari kalimat pasifnya, bukan subject kalimat aktif.

2. Simple Past Tense

Simple Past tense

S + tobe (was, were) + V-3

Contoh:
Aktif : Fadhila watched the movie in the theatre last night.

Pasif : The movie was watched by Fadhila in the theatre last night.

3. Present/Past Continuous Tense

Present/Past Continuous

S + (is, am, are) + being + V-3        (was, were)

Contoh:
Present continuous tense

Aktif : They are making a rainbow cake now.

Pasif : A rainbow cake is being made by them now

Perhatikan perubahan tobe dari are (kalimat aktif) menjadi is (kalimat pasif). Karena, auxiliary/tobenya menyesuaikan dengan subject dari kalimat pasifnya, bukan subject kalimat aktif.

Past continuous tense

Aktif : She was buying some books last night.

Pasif : Some books were being bought by her last night.

4. Present/Past Perfect Tense

Present/past perfect tense

S + (have, has) + been + V-3            (had)

Contoh:
Present perfect tense

Aktif : The manager has interviewed some candidates

Pasif : Some candidates have been interviewed by the manager.

Past perfect tense

Aktif : Carroll had made a good decision to leave Liverpool.

Pasif : A good decision had been made by Carroll to leave Liverpool.

5. Modal Auxliary

Modal auxiliary*

Modals + be + V-3

*Modal auxiliary – will, shall, must, can, may (Present modal) would, should, could, might (Past modal)

Silakan pelajari lagi materi tentang modal auxiliary.

Contoh:
Aktif : Before I got an injury, I could climb Mount Rinjani.

Pasif : Before I got an injury, Mount Rinjani could be climbed by me.

Aktif: She should bring her phone to call her mom.

Pasif : Her phone should be brought by her to call her mom.

Aktif: They must obey the rules in this camp.

Pasif : The rules must be obeyed by them in this camp.

6. ACCUSATIVE VERB

Accusative verb*

TO BE + V-3

Macam-macam accusative verb: PRAWAN L

(Plan, Require, Allow, Want/wait, Ask, Need, Like).

Perhatikan pola kalimat akusatif berikut ini:

Aktif	S + accusative verb + (object) + to V-1
Pasif	S + accusative verb + (object) + tobe V-3

Contoh:
Aktif : I asked my secretary to answer the call

Pasif : I asked the call to be answered by my secretary

Aktif : The headmaster requires the students to use the weekly uniform

Pasif  : The headmaster requires the weekly uniform to be used by the students

Contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif  lainnya

	Active	Passive
Simple Present	Twice a month, Tony cleans the room.	Twice a month, the room is cleaned by Tony.
Present Continuous	Right now, Sally is cleaning the floor.	Right now, the floor is being cleaned by Sally.
Simple Past	Samadi repaired the radio.	The radio was repaired by Samadi.
Past Continuous	The security was helping the customer when the thief came into the bank.	The customer was being helped by the security when the thief came into the bank.
Present Perfect	Many peoples have visited that cemetery.	That cemetery has been visited by many peoples.
Present Perfect Continuous	Recently, Joshua has been doing the job.	Recently, the job has been being done by Joshua.
Past Perfect	Gerry had repaired many computers before he received his license.	Many computers had been repaired by Gerry before he received his license.
Past Perfect Continuous	The Chef had been preparing the dinners for three years before he moved to Swiss.	The dinners had been being prepared by the Chef for three years before he moved to Swiss.
Simple Future will	Sam will finish the work by 7:00 PM.	The work will be finished by 7:00 PM.
Simple Future be going to	Sally is going to make a dinner tonight.	A dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuouswill	At 9:00 PM tonight, Josh will be cleaning the desk.	At 9:00 PM tonight, the desk will be being cleaned by Josh.
Future Continuousbe going to	At 9:00 PM tonight, Josh going to be cleaning the desk.	At 9:00 PM tonight, the desk are going to be being cleaned by Josh.
Future Perfect will	Peoples will have completed the job before the deadline.	The job will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect be going to	Peoples are going to have completed the job before the deadline.	The job is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuouswill	Andi will have been painting the building for over six months by the time it is finished.	The building will have been being painted by Andi for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuousbe going to	Andi is going to have been painting the building for over six months by the time it is finished.	The building is going to have been being painted by Andi for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to	Jeremy used to close the window.	The window used to be closhed by Jeremy.
Would Always	My father would always make the telescope.	The telescope would always be made by my father.
Future in the Past Would	You knew Nathan would finish the job by 4:00 PM.	You knew the job would be finished by 4:00 PM.
Future in the Past Was Going to	We thought Sarah was going to make a dinner tonight.	We thought a dinner was going to be made by Sarah tonight.

Contoh artikel

*note :

Kalimat aktif  -> italic

Kalimat pasif -> underline

Ebola epidemic

Beware of Ebola EpidemicRecently, Ebola epidemic that attacks the West African region, causing the world’s attention. WHO has released the data, there are at least 800 people who died after the Ebola virus. This disease has a very high mortality rate, 90 percent of patients died. Unfortunately, vaccine or drug to cure Ebola still haven’t found yet.

The Ebola virus was first discovered in Africa in 1976. Originally, the virus only attacks primates such as monkeys and apes. But now, it has evolved into dangerous disease because the ebola is transmitted to humans. This year, the Ebola virus is raging, the number of deaths has been increased two times more than in 1976, reported by BBC.com.

The increasing case of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in the 2014 caused anxiety. Ebola virus which attacks the body’s defense system is similar with the HIV virus. Early symptoms are similar to flu symptoms such as high fever, body weakness, muscle pain and headache.The Most Deadly Virus

What makes Ebola virus became so dangerous is its ability to breed. This virus can agglutinate blood cells, then this condition can inhibit blood flowing to other organs. If the organs lack of blood, it will cause some damages. After attacking the blood, ebola virus also attacks other organs, such as kidney, brain, intestine, liver and so on. Many of ebola patients died because of kidney failure.

Very Fast Transmission

Ebola virus transmission can occur from a contact of body fluids, blood, and all the things that have been used by patient. Therefore, ebola patients must be isolated in order to avoid a direct contact with other people. The medical teams who handle the patients also have to wear special cloth in order to prevent the spread of the virus. Currently, a citizen of the United States has been infected with ebola. Indonesian Health Ministry itself has issued a travel warning for the people who will visit the countries of Guinea, Sierra and Liberia.

There are some ways to prevent the ebola virus. We have to keep clean and do not make direct contact with patients. Hopefully soon, vaccines and drugs will be discovered so the number of dead can be decreased.

Sumber

http://www.sekolahbahasainggris.com/kalimat-aktif-dan-kalimat-pasif-dalam-semua-tenses-bahasa-inggris-lengkap/

http://www.carabelajarbahasainggrisoke.com